NAME

rpi-swap-generator - systemd generator for Raspberry Pi swap management

SYNOPSIS

/lib/systemd/system-generators/rpi-swap-generator

DESCRIPTION

rpi-swap-generator is a systemd generator that automatically configures swap during early boot based on system requirements and user preferences. It is part of the rpi-swap package designed specifically for Raspberry Pi systems.

The generator dynamically creates systemd units to implement various swap mechanisms, including traditional swap files, compressed RAM-based swap (zram), and hybrid approaches. A key feature is its ability to resize swap files during early boot, which is crucial for memory-constrained systems where performing swapoff/resize/swapon operations later might not be possible or desirable.

KEY FEATURES

Dynamic swap sizing

Automatically calculates appropriate swap sizes based on available memory and storage.

Early boot resize

Resizes swap files during early boot before they are activated, avoiding memory pressure during resize operations.

Multiple swap mechanisms

Supports traditional swap files, zram compression, and hybrid zram+file approaches.

Automatic writeback

For hybrid configurations, implements intelligent writeback of less active pages from compressed memory to storage.

Performance optimisation

Automatically configures kernel parameters to optimise zram performance, including disabling readahead (vm.page-cluster=0) to reduce latency on compressed swap devices.

CONFIGURATION

Configuration is handled through swap.conf(5). The generator reads this configuration and creates the appropriate systemd units automatically.

MONITORING

To monitor the swap units created by the generator and verify they are functioning correctly, use:

This command shows all active swap units, their status, and whether they have reached the swap.target. You can also check the overall swap target status:

For hybrid configurations with writeback timers, monitor the writeback operations using:

FILES

/etc/rpi/swap.conf

Main configuration file.

/lib/systemd/system-generators/rpi-swap-generator

The generator script itself.

/run/sysctl.d/70-rpi-swap.conf

Kernel parameter configuration file automatically created for zram performance optimizations.

SEE ALSO

swap.conf(5), systemd.generator(7), systemd.swap(5)

NOTES

This generator is invoked automatically by systemd during boot. Manual invocation is generally not necessary unless testing configuration changes.

For testing configuration changes without rebooting, the generator can be run manually:

This will create the systemd units in temporary directories where they can be inspected before committing to the changes with a reboot. However, note that this is only suitable for testing - the units must be generated during early boot to function correctly.